Digital television transmitter/receiver and method of processing data in digital television transmitter/receiver

ABSTRACT

A digital television (DTV) transmitter and a method of processing data in the DTV transmitter are disclosed. A pre-processor pre-processes the enhanced data by coding the enhanced data for forward error correction (FEC) and expanding the FEC-coded enhanced data. A data formatter generates enhanced data packets including the pre-processed enhanced data and for inserting known data to at least one of the enhanced data packets. A first multiplexer multiplexes the enhanced data packets with main data packets including the main data. An RS encoder RS-codes the multiplexed main and enhanced data packets, the RS encoder adding systematic parity data to each main data packet and adding RS parity place holders to each enhanced data packet. And, a data interleaver interleaves the RS-coded main and enhanced data packets, wherein a known data sequence is included in every Nth enhanced data segment outputted from the data interleaver.

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.11/513,643, filed on Aug. 30, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,940,854, whichclaims the benefit of earlier filing date and right to priority toKorean Patent Application No. 10-2005-0132489, filed on Dec. 28, 2005,all of which are all hereby incorporated by reference herein in theirentirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a digital communication system, andmore particularly, to a digital television (DTV) transmitter/receiverand a method of processing data in the DTV transmitter/receiver.Although the present invention is suitable for a wide scope ofapplications, it is particularly suitable for transmitting and receivingdigital broadcasts.

2. Discussion of the Related Art

Generally, the 8T-VSB transmission system adopted as a digitalbroadcasting standard by Korea and North America is a digital broadcastsystem developed for MPEG video/audio data transmission.

As the digital signal processing technology rapidly develops with theglobal use of Internet, the tendency for combining digital homeappliances, computer and Internet together rises. So, in order to meetthe user's various demands, many efforts need to be made to develop asystem capable of transmitting various additional data with video/audiodata.

A user of additional data broadcasting is expected to use the additionaldata broadcasting using a PC card or portable device having a simpletype indoor antenna attached thereto.

Yet, signal intensity can be considerably decreased due to a shieldeffect of a wall and an influence of a near moving object within anindoor space and broadcast receiving performance can be reduced due to aghost and noise generated from a reflective wave. Unlike a case ofgeneral video/audio data, a case of additional data transmission shouldhave a lower error rate. In case of the video/audio data, an errorfailing to be detected by human eyes/ears does not matter. Yet, in caseof additional data (e.g., a program execution file, stock information,etc.), a 1-bit error can cause a serious problem. So, the demand fordeveloping a system more persistent against ghost and noise generatedfrom a channel rises.

Additional data transmission will be performed by time-division throughthe same channel of MPEG video/audio in general. Since the beginning ofdigital broadcasting, ATSC VSB digital broadcast receivers receiving theMPEG video/audio only have globally spread in markets. So, theadditional data transmitted on the same channel of the MPEG video/audioshould avoid causing any effect to the conventional ATSC VSB dedicatedreceiver previously supplied to the markets. Such a situation is definedas ATSC VSB compatibility. And, an additional data broadcast systemshould be compatible with the ATSC VSB system. Besides, the additionaldata could be called enhanced data or E-VSB data.

However, in a poor channel environment, reception performance of theconventional ATSC VSB reception system may be reduced. Specifically, aportable or mobile receiver needs higher robustness against a channelchange and noise.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a digital television(DTV) transmitter and a method of coding main and enhanced data in theDTV transmitter that substantially obviate one or more problems due tolimitations and disadvantages of the related art.

An object of the present invention is to provide a digital television(DTV) transmitter and a method of coding main and enhanced data in theDTV transmitter, by which a new digital broadcast system suitable foradditional data transmission and robust against noise can be provided.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a digitaltelevision (DTV) transmitter and a method of coding main and enhanceddata in the DTV transmitter, by which reception performance can beenhanced by transmitting known data known by a transmitting/receivingside in a manner of inserting the known data in a prescribed area of adata section.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a digitaltelevision (DTV) transmitter and a method of coding main and enhanceddata in the DTV transmitter, by which known data insertion isefficiently facilitated in a manner of performing non-systematic RSencoding on enhanced data including known data.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will beset forth in part in the description which follows and in part willbecome apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art uponexamination of the following or may be learned from practice of theinvention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may berealized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in thewritten description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with thepurpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, adigital television (DTV) transmitter for coding main and enhanced datafor transmission includes a pre-processor for pre-processing theenhanced data by coding the enhanced data for forward error correction(FEC) and expanding the FEC-coded enhanced data, a data formatter forgenerating enhanced data packets including the pre-processed enhanceddata and for inserting known data to at least one of the enhanced datapackets, a first multiplexer for multiplexing the enhanced data packetswith main data packets including the main data, an RS encoder forRS-coding the multiplexed main and enhanced data packets, the RS encoderadding systematic parity data to each main data packet and adding RSparity place holders to each enhanced data packet, and a datainterleaver for interleaving the RS-coded main and enhanced datapackets, wherein a known data sequence is periodically included in theinterleaved data packets. Herein, the RS encoder may insertnon-systematic RS parity data into the RS parity place holders includedin each enhanced data packet. The RS encoder may also insert null datainto the RS parity place holders included in each enhanced data packet.

The DTV transmitter may further include a byte-symbol converter forconverting the interleaved data packets into symbols, and a trellisencoder for trellis-encoding the converted symbols, the trellis encoderbeing initialized when the symbols outputted from the byte-symbolconverter represent a beginning of the known data sequence. Herein, theDTV transmitter may further include an initialization controller forgenerating initialization data symbols required to initialize one ormore memories included in the trellis encoder, and a second multiplexerfor outputting the initialization data symbols to the trellis encoderwhen the symbols outputted from the byte-symbol converter represent thebeginning of the known data sequence. Additionally, the DTV transmittermay further include a backward-compatibility processor for generatingnew parity symbols based on an output of the RS encoder and theinitialization data symbols and providing the new parity symbols to thesecond multiplexer. Herein, the second multiplexer may output the newparity symbols to the trellis encoder when the symbols outputted fromthe byte-symbol converter represent the RS parity place holders. And theinitialization controller may generate the initialization data symbolsbased on previous values of the memories such that current values of thememories are set to zero.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description of the present invention areexemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide furtherexplanation of the invention as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute apart of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention andtogether with the description serve to explain the principle of theinvention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a digital broadcast transmitting systemaccording to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a trellis encoding unit of the digitalbroadcast transmitting system shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a data interleaver shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an output sequence of a datainterleaver on a VSB frame;

FIG. 5 is diagram of data configurations of input and output ends of adata interleaver according to known data insertion of the presentinvention;

FIGS. 6A to 6C are diagrams of data configurations in byte and symboldomains of input and output ends of a data interleaver according to thepresent invention, in which known data are inserted by 4-data segmentperiod;

FIGS. 7A to 7C are diagrams of data configurations in byte and symboldomains of input and output ends of a data interleaver according to thepresent invention, in which known data are inserted by 5-data segmentperiod;

FIGS. 8A to 8C are diagrams of data configurations in byte and symboldomains of input and output ends of a data interleaver according to thepresent invention, in which known data are inserted by 8-data segmentperiod; and

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a digital broadcast receiving systemaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of thepresent invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be usedthroughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.

In the present invention, enhanced data can correspond to such datahaving information such as a program execution file, stock informationand the like or may correspond to video/audio data. And, known data isthe data previously known by agreement between transmitting andreceiving sides. Moreover, main data is the data receivable by aconventional receiving system and includes video/audio data.

The present invention enhances reception performance of a receiver in amanner of multiplexing enhanced data and known data known by atransmitting/receiving side and transmitting the multiplexed data.

In particular, by performing non-systematic RS encoding on enhanced dataincluding known data, the present invention enables a repetitive longknown data sequence to be inserted and raises a degree of freedom for aninsertion place.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a digital broadcast transmitting systemaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, a digital broadcast transmitting system accordingto one embodiment of the present invention includes an E-VSBpre-processor 101, an E-VSB packet formatter 102, a packet multiplexer103, a data randomizer 104, a scheduler 105, an E-VSB post-processor110, an RS (Read-Solomon) encoder & non-systematic RS parity holderinserter 121, a data interleaver 122, a trellis encoding unit 123, abackward-compatibility processor 130, a frame multiplexer 140 and atransmitter 150.

In the above-configured transmitting system, main data is outputted tothe packet multiplexer 103 by transport packet unit, whereas enhanceddata is outputted to the E-VSB pre-processor 101.

The E-VSB pre-processor 101 performs pre-processing such as additionalerror correction encoding, interleaving, null data insertion and thelike on the enhanced data and then outputs the pre-processed data to theE-VSB packet formatter 102.

The E-VSB packet formatter 102 configures a group by multiplexing thepre-processed enhanced data and previously defined known data or a knowndata place holder together under the control of the scheduler 105. TheE-VSB packet formatter 102 divides data within the group into 184-byteenhanced data packets, attaches a 4-byte MPEG header to a front of eachof the packets and then outputs a 188-byte enhanced data packet (i.e.,MPEG compatible packet). In particular, one enhanced data packet groupincludes a plurality of consecutive enhanced data packets. An insertionplace of the known data will be explained in detail later.

An output of the E-VSB packet formatter 102 is inputted to the packetmultiplexer 103. The packet multiplexer 103 performs time divisionmultiplexing on the 188-byte main data packet and the 188-byte enhanceddata packet by transport stream (TS) packet unit to output under thecontrol of the scheduler 105.

In particular, the scheduler 105 generates a control signal enabling thepacket multiplexer 103 to multiplex the main and enhanced data packetstogether and then outputs the control signal to the packet multiplexer103. If so, the packet multiplexer 103 having received the controlsignal multiplexes the main data packet and the enhanced data packetinto the TS packet unit to output.

An output of the packet multiplexer 103 is inputted to the datarandomizer 104. The data randomizer 104 removes MPEG sync byte from aninput packet, randomizes the rest 187 bytes using an internallygenerated pseudo-random byte and then outputs the randomized packet tothe E-VSB post-processor 110.

The E-VSB post processor 110 includes an RS encoder & non-systematicparity place holder inserter 111, a data interleaver 112, an E-VSBconvolutional coder 113, a data interleaver 114 and an RS byte remover115.

The RS encoder & non-systematic parity place holder inserter 111 of theE-VSB post-processor 110 performs systematic RS encoding ornon-systematic parity place holder insertion on the randomized data.

In particular, if a 187-byte packet outputted from the data randomizer104 is a main data packet, the RS encoder & non-systematic parity placeholder inserter 111 attaches a 20-byte parity byte to a rear of the187-byte data by performing systematic RX encoding like the conventionalATSC VSB system and then outputs the attached data to the datainterleaver 112.

Meanwhile, if a 187-byte packet outputted from the data randomizer 104is an enhanced data packet, the RS encoder & non-systematic parity placeholder inserter 111 determines a 20-parity byte place within the packet,inserts a null byte in the determined parity byte place, sequentiallyinserts bytes of the enhanced data packet in the rest of 187 byte placesand then outputs them to the data interleaver 112.

In this case, the place of the RS parity byte corresponds to a parityplace in a non-systematic RS encoder and may differ for each enhanceddata packet. This is because a place where known data (or known dataplace holder) is inserted can differ for each enhanced data packet. And,a known data place holder to initialize a memory of a trellis encodercan be inserted. If the known data place holder is inserted, its placemay differ.

In this case, the place of the RS parity byte should be placed in amanner that the RS parity place holder bytes are outputted behind theknown data for initialization (or known data place holder forinitialization) at the data interleaver.

In particular, the position of the known data (or known data placeholder) used in initializing the trellis encoder should be determined tobe outputted ahead of the RS parity byte place from the data interleaveroutput end.

In other words, the known data (or known data place holder) used ininitializing the trellis encoder needs to be outputted earlier than theRS parity place holder at the output end of the data interleaver. Yet,the rest of the known data (or known data place holder) unused ininitializing the trellis encoder can be outputted behind or ahead of theRS parity place holder.

The data interleaver 112 performs data interleaving on an output of theRS encoder & non-systematic parity place holder inserter 111 and thenoutputs it to the E-VSB convolutional coder 113. A data interleavingoperation of the data interleaver 112 will be explained in detail later.

The E-VSB convolutional coder 113 performs convolutional coding on anoutput of the data interleaver 112 and then outputs it to the datadeinterleaver 114.

The data deinterleaver 114 performs data deinterleaving on input data bya reverse process of the data interleaver 112 and then outputs thedeinterleaved data to the RS byte remover 115.

The RS byte remover 115 removes the 20-byte parity attached by the RSencoder & non-systematic parity place holder inserter 111. In this case,if the inputted data is the main data packet, the RS byte removerremoves last 20 bytes from 207 bytes. IF the inputted data is theenhanced data packet, the RS byte remover 115 removes 20-byte RS parityplace holder from 207 bytes. This is to re-calculate parities sinceoriginal data is modified by the E-VSB convolutional coder 113 in caseof the enhanced data.

The E-VSB convolutional coder 113 converts inputted bytes to symbols,performs convolutional coding on an enhanced data symbol only, convertsthe coded result to bytes, and then outputs the converted bytes. Inparticular, the E-VSB convolutional coder 113 outputs data withoutmodification if an output of the data interleaver 112 is the main data,the MPEG header byte attached by the E-VSB packet formatter 102 or theRS parity byte or parity place holder byte attached to the enhanced datapacket by the RS encoder & non-systematic RS parity place holderinserter 111.

Meanwhile, the known data can be inserted in the enhanced data packet bythe E-VSB packet formatter 102. Alternatively, the E-VSB packetformatter 102 inserts a place holder of the known data and the E-VSBconvolutional coder 113 inserts the known data in the correspondingplace instead of the place holder. And, the E-VSB convolutional coder113 outputs the known data symbol without additional coding like themain data.

An output of the RS byte remover 115 is inputted to the RS encoder &non-systematic RS parity place holder inserter 121.

Like the former RS encoder & non-systematic RS parity place holderinserter 111, if a 187-byte packet outputted from the RS byte remover115 is a main data packet, the RS encoder & non-systematic RS parityplace holder inserter 121 attaches 20-byte parity bytes to a rear of187-byte data by performing systematic RS encoding in the same manner ofthe conventional ATSC VSB system. In case of an enhanced data packet, a20-parity byte place is determined and it is able to insert RS parityobtained by performing non-systematic RS encoding in the determinedparity byte place or to insert null byte (i.e., RS parity place holder)therein instead of the RS parity. And, bytes within the enhanced datapacket are sequentially inserted in the rest 187 byte places among 207byte places. The null byte can be set to an arbitrary value and isreplaced by a parity value calculated by a non-systematic RS encoder 133of the backward-compatibility processor 130. Hence, the null byte playsa role in holding a place of the parity byte of a non-systematic RScode.

An output of the RS encoder and non-systematic RS parity place holderinserter 121 is outputted to the data interleaver 122 and also inputtedto a backward-compatibility processor 130 to re-calculate parity in caseof the enhanced data packet.

Besides, the data interleaver 122 performs interleaving on input dataaccording to the same interleaving rule of the former data interleaver112.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of the data interleaver (122 or 112) shown in FIG.2, in which a convolutional interleaver is exemplarily shown. In thiscase, the number of branches is 52 and the number (M) of unit memorybytes is 4 (M=4).

Referring to FIG. 3, in the data interleaver, if a first byte isinputted, it is directly outputted via a first branch. A second byte isinputted via a second branch, by which a value prior to 52*4 byte isoutputted.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining input and output sequences of a datainterleaver on a VSB frame.

Referring to FIG. 4, data inputs are sequentially inputted by segmentunit from top to bottom. And, bytes within a segment are sequentiallyinputted left to right. Numerals in the drawing indicate outputsequences of a data interleaver. In this case, the data interleaveroperates by 52-segment unit.

An output of the data interleaver 122 is inputted to the trellisencoding unit 123. And, the trellis encoding unit 123 encodes a 2-bitinput into three bits to output.

An output of the trellis encoding unit 123 is inputted to the framemultiplexer 140.

The frame multiplexer 140 inserts a field sync and a segment sync in theoutput of the trellis encoding unit 123 and then outputs a correspondingsignal to the transmitter 150.

The transmitter 150 includes a pilot inserter 151, a VSB modulator 152and a radio frequency (RF) converter 153. And, the transmitter 150 playsthe same role of the conventional VSB transmitter.

To make the output data of the trellis encoding unit 123 into known datadefined by a transmitting/receiving side, initialization of a memorywithin the trellis encoding unit 123 is needed for the known datainserted in the enhanced data packet.

For the initialization, an input of the trellis encoder needs to bemodified. And, RS parity affected by the correspondingly modified datais re-calculated to be substituted for original parity data. Thisprocess is performed by the backward-compatibility processor 130.

FIG. 2 is a detailed diagram of the trellis encoding unit 123 that canbe initialized.

Referring to FIG. 2, a trellis encoding unit according to one embodimentof the present invention includes a byte-to-symbol converter 201, amultiplexer 202 selecting a trellis encoder input, a trellis encoder 203and an initialization controller 204 initializing the trellis encoder.

The byte-to-symbol converter 201 of the trellis encoder unit receivesdata-interleaved data by byte unit, converts the received data to symbolunit, performs 12-way interleaving, and then outputs the interleaveddata to the multiplexer 202.

In general, an output of the byte-to-symbol converter 201 is selected bythe multiplexer 202 and is then directly outputted to the trellisencoder 203. Yet, if the interleaved data is known data and if the knowndata corresponds to a beginning part of a known data sequenceconsecutively inputted, initialization of the trellis encoder 203 isnecessary. The trellis encoder 203 includes a memory and a currentoutput is affected by a current and previous inputs. So, in order tooutput a known data pattern after trellis encoding, a process forinitializing the memory within the trellis encoder 203 to apredetermined value is needed.

In case that the initialization of the memory of the trellis encoder 203is needed, a portion of the known data is replaced by initializationdata to be outputted to the trellis encoder 203. If so, the memorywithin the trellis encoder 203 is initialized to a predetermined valueby the initialization data. An output of the trellis encoder 203 afterthe initialization can become the known data encoded into a patternpromised by the transmitting/receiving side.

The initialization controller 204 initializing the trellis encoder 203receives a value of the memory within the trellis encoder 203, generatesinitialization data to be inputted to the trellis encoder 203, and thenoutputs the generated data to the multiplexer 202 and thebackward-compatibility processor 130.

In particular, the trellis encoder 203 encodes an upper bit of two bitsconfiguring one symbol into 1 bit using one memory and then outputs the1 bit. And, the trellis encoder 203 encodes a lower bit of the two bitsinto 2 bits using two memories and then outputs the 2 bits. In thiscase, if input data is the known data and if the known data correspondsto a beginning part of a consecutively inputted known data sequence, thememories need to be initialized to output specific known data aftertrellis encoding.

So, if the initialization of the memory within the trellis encoder 203is needed, the initialization controller 204 generates initializationdata according to a current state and specific initialization state ofthe memory and then outputs the generated initialization data to themultiplexer 202.

The initialization data consists of 4 bits, i.e., two symbols. In thiscase, the trellis encoder 203 includes twelve encoders. And, twelvebytes outputted from the multiplexer 202 are sequentially inputted tothe twelve encoders, respectively. In this case, initial four bits,i.e., two symbols of each byte can become the initialization data. Inparticular, the initialization controller 204 generates initializationdata for initializing the memory of the trellis encoder 203 in the twosymbol sections from which a known data sequence starts and then outputsthe generated initialization data to the multiplexer 202 and thebackward-compatibility processor 130.

The backward-compatibility processor 130 receives the output of the RSencoder & non-systematic parity place holder inserter 121 and the outputof the initialization controller 204 of the trellis encoding unit 123,generates non-systematic 20-byte parity and then outputs the generatedparity to the multiplexer 202 of the trellis encoding unit 123.

In particular, since the initialization for the memory of the trellisencoding unit 123 is achieved by new data instead of being achieved bythe data interleaved by the data interleaver 122, the RS parity isre-generated to be substituted for original parity data. And, this isperformed by the backward-compatibility processor 130.

The backward-compatibility processor 130 includes a packet buffer 131, asymbol-to-byte converter 132, a non-systematic RS encoder 133 and abyte-to-symbol converter 134.

The output of the RS encoder & non-systematic RS parity place holderinserter 121 is inputted to the data interleaver 122 and the packetbuffer 131 of the backward-compatibility processor 130. And, theinitialization data of the initialization controller 204 of the trellisencoding unit 123 is inputted to the multiplexer 202 of the trellisencoding unit 123 and the symbol-to-byte converter 132 of thebackward-compatibility processor 130.

In this case, since the input and output of the RS encoder andnon-systematic RS parity place holder inserter 121 follow byte units,the symbol-to-byte converter 132 converts the symbol unit of theinitialization data to the byte unit and then outputs the converted datato the packet buffer 131.

The packet buffer 131 receives a byte output of the RS encoder andnon-systematic RS parity place holder inserter 121 and a byte output ofthe symbol-to-byte converter 132, temporarily stores the receivedoutputs and then outputs the stored outputs to the non-systematic RSencoder 133.

The non-systematic RS encoder 133 receives a byte output of the packetbuffer 131, generates 20-byte parity and then outputs the generatedparity to the multiplexer 202 of the trellis encoder 13 via thebyte-to-symbol converter 134 for the unit conversion to the symbol unit.

If the inputted data, which was interleaved and converted to the symbol,corresponds to the beginning part of the known data sequence, themultiplexer 202 selects to output an initialization symbol of theinitialization controller 204 instead of the inputted symbol. If theinputted data is a parity place holder, the multiplexer 202 selects anoutput symbol of the symbol-to-byte converter 134 of thebackward-compatibility processor 130 instead of the inputted symbol. Inother cases, the multiplexer 202 selects the inputted data from thebyte-symbol converter 201, which was interleaved and converted to thesymbol, and then outputs the selected data to the trellis encoder 203.

In particular, symbols at the first two places of the known datasequence are substituted by the initialization symbols to be inputted tothe trellis encoder 203. A symbol at a parity place within each packetis substituted by the parity symbol re-calculated by thebackward-compatibility processor 130 to be inputted to the trellisencoder 203. In case that the RS encoder & non-systematic RS parityplace holder inserter 121 inserts a null byte for the enhanced datapacket instead of inserting a non-systematic RS parity, a non-systematicRS parity of the enhanced data packet is calculated by thebackward-compatibility processor 130 regardless of the initialization ofthe trellis encoder to be substituted for the null byte and is theninputted to the trellis encoder 203.

The trellis encoder 203 performs trellis encoding on the data outputtedfrom the multiplexer 202 and then outputs the encoded data to the framemultiplexer 140. And, the trellis encoder 203 outputs a state of thememory within the trellis encoder to the initialization controller 204.

Known Data Insertion and Non-Systematic RS Parity Place

Known data insertion and non-systematic RS parity place Settingaccording to the present invention are explained in detail as follows.

First of all, if an inputted 187-byte packet is a main data packet, theRS encoder & non-systematic RS parity place holder inserter generates20-byte parity by performing systematic RS encoding like the ATSC VSBsystem and then attaches the generated 20-byte parity to a rear of the187-byte.

In case of an enhanced data packet, 187 bytes among 207 bytes to beoutputted correspond to the inputted data and 20 bytes become a paritybyte. This is the same case of the systematic RS encoding. Yet, a placeof the 20-byte parity may differ within 207 bytes for each enhanced datapacket and a parity value is found by non-systematic RS encoding.

Once the parity place is determined, data is placed at 187 bytes wherethe parity is not located.

Non-systematic parities inserted by the RS encoder & non-systematic RSparity place holder inserter may become practical parties or justcorrespond to a meaningless byte for holding the parity place. In casethat the non-systematic RS parities are inserted as the meaninglessbyte, the backward-compatibility processor calculates the parity valuefor substitution.

The RS parity is re-calculated by the backward-compatibility processorfor the enhanced data packet including the trellis initialization data,of which reason is explained as follows.

For an enhanced data packet that includes a known data to be replaced bythe trellis initialization data, it is required to re-calculate the RSparity data for the enhanced data packet since the replacement by theinitialization data is performed in the trellis encoding unit 123 whichis behind the RS encoder or non-systematic RS parity place holderinserter 121.

In other words, if a place of a parity existing within one packet comesbehind the data to be substituted by initialization at an input of thetrellis encoder, it is able to calculate a new parity by RS encoding byusing the substituted data. In this case, if systematic RS encoding isperformed on the enhanced data packet including the initialization data,it is unable to insert known data in a parity area since the RS parityplace is already determined. And, a place of data coming ahead of theparity is very limited. So, an area available for trellis initializationis correspondingly limited.

Yet, if the non-systematic RS encoding is performed on the enhanced datapacket including the initialization data, the parity place is movableand the known data can be inserted in the parity area of the systematicRS encoding. And, it is also advantageous that the limitation of thedata place for the trellis initialization is almost eliminated ascompared with the case of using the systematic RS encoder.

Yet, the known data (or known data place holder) used for theinitialization of the trellis encoder should be inputted to the trellisencoding unit 123 ahead of the RS parity place holder.

If one packet is inputted to the data interleaver shown in FIG. 3, it isinterleaved and outputted by byte unit. The interleaving doesre-ordering of data sequence.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining input/output order of a datainterleaver on a VS frame.

Referring to FIG. 4, data within a packet is inputted to the datainterleaver by byte unit. In this case, the data is inputted top tobottom according to a segment sequence. And, the data in inputted from aleft first byte to a right 207^(th) byte in order within a segment.

Thus, if the data is inputted and if an n^(th) field starts in FIG. 4, adata interleaver input is carried out in a sequence of byte #1, byte#210 and the like. And, a data interleaver output is carried out in asequence of byte #1, byte #2, byte #3 and the like. Hence, the sequenceof the inputted bytes and the sequence of the outputted bytes aredifferent from each other by interleaving.

In particular, since the data interleaver has the configuration of theconvolutional interleaver having the branch (B) of 52, the sequence, asshown in FIG. 4, goes round by a 52-byte cycle in outputting onesegment. Hence, byte #210, byte #262 and the like are outputted afterbyte #1, byte #53, byte #105 and byte #157 have been outputted.

So, if the systematic RS encoding is to be performed, RS parity shouldexist at last 20 bytes of each segment. And, RS parities can beoutputted according to the interleaved output sequence ahead of theinitialization bytes for the trellis initialization for the known datageneration.

If so, RS encoding should be performed ahead of information indicatinghow data should be substituted for the initialization. Yet, this isimpossible. So, error takes place in RS decoding.

In aspect of one segment unit for the data interleaver output, eachsegment can be configured in a manner that substitution data forinitialization is located at a place of data outputted ahead of allsystematic RS parity bytes. Yet, places of initialization bytes arerestricted to limited area, and thus this to put limitation on an areain which known data can be inserted.

Yet, as mentioned in the foregoing description, in aspect of a place ofRS parity within one segment and in aspect of an output of the datainterleaver, the restriction, which occurs in case of using thesystematic RS encoding only, for the known data insertion place can beeliminated only if parity is calculated by enabling the RS parity to beoutputted behind the initialization bytes and by performing thenon-systematic RS encoding. And, compatibility with the conventional VSBreceiver incapable of supporting E-VSB can be maintained as well.

FIG. 5 is diagram of data configurations before and after a datainterleaver according to known data insertion of the present invention.

In FIG. 5A, a data configuration at an input end of a data interleaveris shown. And, a configuration at an output end of the data interleavercorresponding to the input configuration of FIG. 5A is shown in FIG. 5B.

First of all, a receiver receives data in an order of a data interleaveroutput end. To receive consecutive known data, known data should beconsecutively inserted like the numbering sequence of FIG. 4.

In order to make one segment received by the receiver into the knowndata like the example shown in FIG. 5B, one segment is divided into 52bytes unit and the known data should be inserted in the same byteposition by 52-byte unit like the example shown in FIG. 5A. In thiscase, an initialization byte needs to be placed at a beginning part of aknown data sequence. Hence, once a place of the known data within thesegment is determined, a place, where normal data ends and the knowndata begins in aspect of a data interleaver output end, is determined asthe place of the initialization byte.

Once the places of the known data and the initialization byte aredetermined, it is able to determine a place of a non-systematic RSparity byte. In this case, parity bytes are placed to be outputtedbehind the initialization bytes in aspect of the data interleaveroutput. In particular, in aspect of one segment, since a sequence havinga small numbering in FIG. 4 is firstly outputted from the datainterleaver, the RS parity is placed to a number behind the sequencenumbers of the initialization bytes.

For example of inserting the known data, in aspect of a data interleaveroutput configuration shown in FIG. 5B, if known data is inserted behindMPEG header in a first segment to reach the end of the segment, the MPEGheader bytes in the second segment can be used a continuation of theknown data because the MPEG header bytes for an enhanced data packethave a pre-determined value between a transmitter and a receiver.

FIGS. 6A to 6C show configurations of enhanced data packet groupsaccording to the known data insertion of the present invention,respectively.

FIG. 6A shows a data configuration at an input end of the datainterleaver 112 or 122 and FIG. 6B shows a data configuration at anoutput end of the data interleaver 112 or 122. And, FIG. 6C shows a dataconfiguration result of output bytes of the data interleaver, in whichthe output bytes are converted to symbols by the trellis encoding unit123 and are interleaved in a symbol domain.

In FIG. 6A, a small rectangle means one byte, one row means one enhanceddata packet including 207 bytes, and 104 consecutive enhanced datapackets configure one group. In the drawing, a 3-byte MPEG transportheader byte excluded 0x47 sync byte is inserted by the E-VSB packetformatter 102, a known data place holder byte inserted by the E-VSBpacket formatter 102, a 604 area indicates a non-systematic RS parityplace holder or RS parity inserted by the RS encoder & non-systematic RSparity place holder inserter 111 or 121, a 605 area indicates enhanceddata, and a 602 area indicates a known data place holder byte to be usedin initializing the trellis encoder.

Meanwhile, in the drawing, a 606 or 607 area indicates enhanced data.The enhanced data in the 606 area is interleaved with main data prior toan enhanced data packet group by the data interleaver 112 or 122 and isthen outputted. The enhanced data in the 607 area is interleaved withmain data after the enhanced data packet group by the data interleaver112 or 122 and is then outputted.

If the enhanced data packet group shown in FIG. 6A is interleaved by thedata interleaver 112 or 122, it is outputted as shown in FIG. 6B.

In FIG. 6B, a white area indicates main data bytes before and after theenhanced data packet group. And, FIG. 6B shows that bytes of theenhanced data packet group are mixed with the main data bytes. Theenhanced data packet group according to the present invention, as shownin FIG. 6B, is characterized in that a sequence of known data isperiodically outputted from the output end of the data interleaver 112or 122.

Meanwhile, FIG. 6C shows a data output of an area corresponding tomiddle 52 packets in FIG. 6B. In this case, the area is converted tosymbols from bytes by the trellis encoding unit 123, encoded and thengoes through the frame multiplexer 140. In particular, FIG. 6C shows adata configuration in a symbol domain.

One small rectangle in FIG. 6C means one symbol and one row indicatesone data segment configured with 4 segment sync symbols and 828 (=207×4)data symbols.

An output of the data interleaver 122 is converted to symbol from bytevia the trellis encoding unit 123, interleaved and trellis-encoded in asymbol domain and is then inputted to the frame multiplexer 140.

The frame multiplexer 140 attaches four segment sync symbols to eachtrellis-encoded input 828 symbols to configure a data segment having 832symbols. In FIG. 6C, a 608 area indicates segment sync symbols insertedby the frame multiplexer 140.

A 12-byte 608′ area in front of each known data sequence repeated eachfour segments in FIG. 6B indicates a byte to be used in initializingtwelve trellis encoders and is converted to 48 symbols by the trellisencoding unit 123 to have the configuration shown in FIG. 6C. Since twosymbols are needed to initialize each of the trellis encoders and sincethere are total twelve trellis encoders, total 24 symbols are used forthe trellis initialization among the 48 symbols in a manner of assigningtwo initial symbols to each of the trellis encoders. So, the rest 24symbols can be used as known data symbols.

Meanwhile, an area enclosed by a black rim is an area in which a sameknown data symbol sequence is repetitively inserted with uniforminterval. In this case, the interval for inserting the known data symbolsequence preferably corresponds to an integer multiplication of a datasegment length. This is to enable a segment sync symbol inserted by theframe multiplexer 140 to be inserted in the same position within theknown data sequence so that the segment sync symbol is used as a portionof the known data sequence.

Although FIGS. 6A to 6C show the embodiments of configuring one groupwith 104 enhanced data packets, the number of enhanced packetsconfiguring one group can be arbitrarily chosen. Yet, since the datainterleaver 112 or 122 interleaves data by 52-packet unit, the number ispreferably chosen to be an integer multiple of 52 packets.

In FIG. 6C, the known data symbol sequence is repetitively inserted with4-segment interval. FIGS. 7A to 7C show a case that the known datasymbol sequence is repetitively inserted with 5-segment interval. FIGS.8A to 8C show a case that the known data symbol sequence is repetitivelyinserted with 8-segment interval.

Thus, the enhanced data packet according to the present invention can beconfigured to include the enhanced data carrying information and theknown data inserted for reception performance enhancement.

In this case, it is needed to initialize one or more memories of atrellis encoder at a beginning part of a known data sequence withreference to an output sequence of the data interleaver. If theinitialization byte is located within a data segment, non-systematic RSparity bytes should be placed to be outputted behind the initializationbyte in an output sequence of the data interleaver. Namely, if there isno initialization byte in the data segment, a place of thenon-systematic RS parity byte can be randomly chosen.

By considering the relation between the position of the known data placeholder for initializing the trellis encoder and the position of thenon-systematic RS parity byte, the enhance data packet is configured ina manner that the E-VSB packet formatter 102 determines the known dataplace and that the RS parity place holder inserter 111 or 121 insertsthe non-systematic RS parity place holder.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a digital broadcast receiving systemaccording to one embodiment of the present invention. In particular, thedigital broadcast receiving system receives data transmitted from thedigital broadcast transmitting system shown in FIG. 1 and then recoversthe received data into original data by demodulation and equalization.

Referring to FIG. 9, a digital broadcast receiving system according toone embodiment of the present invention includes a tuner 701, ademodulator 702, a known data detector & generator 704, a Viterbidecoder 705, a data deinterleaver 706, an RS decoder & non-systematic RSparity remover 707 and a derandomizer 708.

And, the digital broadcast receiving system includes a main data packetremover 709, an E-VSB packet deformatter 710 and an E-VSB data processor711.

The tuner 701 tunes to down-convert a frequency of a specific channeland then outputs it to the demodulator 702 and the known data detector &generator 704.

The demodulator 702 performs carrier recovery and timing recovery on thetuned channel frequency so that converts the input signal to a basebandsignal and then outputs the baseband signal to the equalizer 703 and theknown data detector & generator 704.

The equalizer 703 compensates distortion on channel included in thedemodulated signal and then outputs the compensated signal to theViterbi decoder 705.

In this case, the known data detector & generator 704 detects a knowndata symbol sequence inserted by a transmitting side from input/outputdata of the demodulator 702, i.e., data before or after the demodulationand then outputs a generated symbol sequence of the known data to thedemodulator 702 and the equalizer 703.

The demodulator 702 is able to enhance demodulation performance usingthe known data symbol sequence in timing or carrier recovery. Likewise,the equalizer 703 is able to enhance equalization performance using theknown data.

The Viterbi decoder 705 converts main data symbol and enhanced datasymbol outputted from the equalizer 703 to bytes by Viterbi decoding andthen outputs the converted bytes to the deinterleaver 706.

The deinterleaver 706 performs a reverse process of the data interleaverof the transmitting side and then outputs a corresponding signal to theRS decoder & non-systematic RS parity remover 707.

The RS decoder and non-systematic RS parity remover 707 performssystematic RS decoding in case that the received packet is a main datapacket. If the received packet is an enhanced data packet, the RSdecoder & non-systematic RS parity remover 707 removes non-systematic RSparity byte from the packet and then outputs it to the derandomizer 708.

The derandomizer 708 performs a reverse process of a randomizer on anoutput of the RS decoder and non-systematic RS parity remover 707,inserts MPEG sync byte in a front of each packet and then outputs it by188-byte packet unit.

An output of the derandomizer 708 is outputted to both a main MPEGdecoder (not shown in the drawing) and the main data packet remover 709.

The main MPEG decoder performs decoding on a packet corresponding tomain MPEG only. This is because the enhanced data packet, which hasnull-packet PID or PID with the main data stream, is ignored by the mainMPEG decoder instead of being used for the decoding.

Meanwhile, the main data packet remover 709 removes 188-byte main datapacket from the output of the derandomizer 708 and then outputs it tothe E-VSB packet deformatter 710.

The E-VSB packet deformatter 710 removes 4-byte MPEG header having beeninserted in the enhanced data packet by the E-VSB packet formatter ofthe transmitting side from the enhanced data packet. Also the E-VSBpacket deformatter 711 removes place holders for the known data from the184-byte enhanced data packet and then outputs it to the E-VSB dataprocessor 711.

And, the E-VSB data processor 711 finally outputs enhanced data byperforming a reverse process of the E-VSB pre-processor 101 of thetransmitting side on an output of the E-VSB packet deformatter 710.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the following effects oradvantages.

First of all, the present invention is strong against error intransmitting additional data via a channel. And, the present inventionis compatible with a conventional VSB receiver. Moreover, the presentinvention enables an errorless reception of additional data on a channelhaving ghost and noise worse than those of the related art VSB system.

Secondly, the present invention transmits known data inserted in aspecific place of a data area, thereby enhancing reception performanceof a receiving system having considerable channel variations.

In particular, the present invention can move a parity place byperforming non-systematic RS encoding on enhanced data packet includingknown data, thereby inserting a consecutively long known data sequenceand raising a degree of freedom of an insertion place. In particular, itis possible to insert known data in a parity area of systematic RSencoding and to expand an area where initialization bytes can beinserted.

Finally, the present invention is effectively applicable to a portableor mobile receiver requiring robustness against noise with considerablechannel variations.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and variations can be made in the present inventionwithout departing from the spirit or scope of the inventions. Thus, itis intended that the present invention covers the modifications andvariations of this invention provided they come within the scope of theappended claims and their equivalents.

1. A transmitter for transmitting main and enhanced data, thetransmitter comprising: a first encoder for encoding the enhanced datafor forward error correction (FEC); a packet formatter for formingenhanced data packets including the encoded enhanced data and aplurality of known data sequences; a second encoder for Reed Solomon(RS)-coding data in the enhanced data packets, the second encoder addingnon-systematic RS parity data to the enhanced data packets; a datainterleaver for interleaving the RS-coded data; a trellis encoder fortrellis-encoding the interleaved data, wherein the trellis encoderincludes a plurality of memories that are initialized by initializationdata at a start of each of the plurality of known data sequences; anon-systematic RS encoder for generating new parity data based on theinitialization data and outputting the generated new parity data; afirst multiplexer for selecting the interleaved data output from thedata interleaver or the generated new parity data output from thenon-systematic RS encoder and providing the selected data to the trellisencoder; and a second multiplexer for multiplexing the trellis-encodeddata with frame sync data and segment sync data.
 2. The transmitter ofclaim 1, further comprising: a pilot inserter for inserting pilotsignals into an output signal of the second multiplexer; a modulator forconverting the output signal into an intermediate frequency (IF) signal;and an RF converter for converting the IF signal into an RF signal fortransmission.
 3. The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the plurality ofknown data sequences include regularly spaced known data sequences. 4.The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the initialization data are previousvalues stored in the plurality of memories that cause current valuesstored in the plurality of memories to be set to zero.
 5. A method oftransmitting enhanced data in a transmitter, the method comprising:encoding, at a first encoder, the enhanced data for forward errorcorrection (FEC); forming, at a packet formatter, enhanced data packetsincluding the encoded enhanced data and a plurality of known datasequences; Reed-Solomon (RS) coding, at a second encoder, data in theenhanced data packets by adding non-systematic RS parity data to theenhanced data packets; interleaving, at a data interleaver, the RS-codeddata; trellis-encoding, at a trellis encoder, the interleaved data,wherein the trellis encoder includes a plurality of memories that areinitialized by initialization data at a start of each of the pluralityof known data sequences; generating, at a non-systematic RS encoder, newparity data based on the initialization data and outputting thegenerated new parity data; selecting, at a first multiplexer, theinterleaved data output from the data interleaver or the generated newparity data output from the non-systematic RS encoder and providingeither the selected interleaved data or the generated new parity data tothe trellis encoder; and multiplexing, at a second multiplexer, thetrellis-encoded data with frame sync data and segment sync data.
 6. Themethod of claim 5, further comprising: inserting pilot signals into anoutput signal of the second multiplexer; converting the output signalinto an intermediate frequency (IF) signal; and converting the IF signalinto an RF signal for transmission.
 7. The method of claim 5, whereinthe plurality of known data sequences include regularly spaced knowndata sequences.
 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the initializationdata are previous values stored in the plurality of memories that causecurrent values stored in the plurality of memories to be set to zero.